Knowing how linux works is really an important skill to have, as a website developer you'll often have to use linux operating system, install GUI, setup web development or general environment where you can run a web server, we all know majority of servers run on linux OS so keep that in mind too.
Website I'm about to introduce to you really makes learning linux commands and get basic idea of OS pretty simple for beginners. Linux might seem complex but you'll really be using same commands over and over again. The most important thing to understand how it work and differ from yur day to day operating system, once you understand that, it'll just come down to googling for commands and executing them.
You gotta know what Kernel is.
Kernel is a nothing but a program that helps hardware interact with software. So basically there's applications, then Kernel in the middle and hardware and other devices at the bottom. It's a basic layer model.
Do you know what a shell is in linux?
Shell is just an interface like you've in windows, it's basic screen with text written on it where you can enter commands. If you don't like shell you can just install some interface and use it instead. But shell give you more flexibility and it's must you know how to use it. There's plenty of shell softwares available for linux, common one is BASH.
You'll keep hearing about UNIX
Unix is an old operating system that linux is based on.You could say Linux OS is version of Unix OS. That's pretty much all you need to know.
That's basic info there, you can learn more about linux here interactively
http://linuxsurvival.com/wp/?page_id=5&id=0
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